Continuous Professional development - 2304 Words

Define CPD and analyse its role in professional updating and improvement of practice with particular reference to your own approach to CPD Continuous professional development (CPD) is a framework of learning and development that ensures a professional’s competency, effectiveness, knowledge, skills and practice are continually kept up to date through ‘lifelong learning’ strategies and activities. There is not a fixed CPD standard or structure and a ‘one size fits all’ process would not work for all professions and individuals who work for companies with diverse objectives and working practices. The various approaches may have common themes and goals such as setting objectives for development and charting progress towards them, or†¦show more content†¦Formal training may include on-line and CD-ROM based courses or full or part time study leading to qualifications. Development on the other hand can be more informal and has a broader outlook on learning and may include private study such as reading, observing and reflection. Structured continual learning is important in any profession because new research and practices may require new knowledge and skills. For example the QCF Level 6 Diploma in Career Guidance and Development is one example of formal learning that I have considered and want to undertake. This is for both professional and financial reasons. Professionally it proves a level of academic ability, knowledge and credibility. It is the standard that many career companies now expect from professionals delivering career guidance in schools. Gaining the qualification should also help me remain competitive when applying for a job and hopefully keep me within a reasonable pay scale. Conferences, workshops and seminars also help keep professionals up to date with changes to practice and can be a vehicle for networks to be built up and experiences shared. On the job training such staff training, shadowing, secondment, coaching and mentoring all provide excellent provision for professionals to learn new skills and build up work based knowledge. Professionals may also learn by taking part in working groups or involvement in research projects. Babcock recognises the benefit of CPD andShow MoreRelatedProfessional Development And Continuous Learning999 Words   |  4 PagesPOLICY This Policy stems from the view that professional development and continuous learning are necessary to maintain the quality of the University staff and their continued readiness and ability to contribute effectively to the mission and goals of the University. Policy is not a firmly characterized idea but rather a profoundly adaptable one, utilized as a part of distinctive courses on diverse events. †¢ A particular choice or set of choices intended to complete such a strategy. Policy ProcedureRead MoreContinuous Personal and Professional Development2181 Words   |  9 PagesThe following essay is a reflection on the role of the teacher in the life-long learning sector and evaluation of my role in it, and secondly the importance of engaging with continuous professional development and a comparison of theories and models of reflective practice and how they can be applied to my own personal development as a learner. The process I have adopted throughout my teaching is a five stage teacher/training cycle, that of identifying needs and planning, designing, assessing, evaluatingRead MoreSample Resume : Continuous Professional Development1639 Words   |  7 PagesTASK 1 – AC 1.1, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4 The term Continuous Professional Development means to take ownership of one’s own personal development to identify personal and professional needs, setting clear goals, with set guidance on how to achieve them. I believe CPD is important because as a HR professional it is imperative I keep up to date on new and improved HR policies, legislation and developments. it is also important to monitor my own progress, some things I may pick up easily, others I may notRead MoreThe Concept and Importance of Continuous Professional Development (Cpd)1732 Words   |  7 PagesThe concept and importance of continuous Professional Development (CPD) 1) Concept of CPD: CPD in other words known as Continuous Development, this is because the development of professional people increasing day by day and there is no end in 21st century. Due to Global competition the number of professionals increasing day by day, Clients is ever more aware of their rights and the levels of quality that they demand are continuously rising. Latest technology offers many advance and new methods ofRead MoreThe Concept and Importance of Continuous Professional Development (Cpd)1724 Words   |  7 PagesThe concept and importance of continuous Professional Development (CPD) 1) Concept of CPD: CPD in other words known as Continuous Development, this is because the development of professional people increasing day by day and there is no end in 21st century. Due to Global competition the number of professionals increasing day by day, Clients is ever more aware of their rights and the levels of quality that they demand are continuously rising. Latest technology offers many advance and new methodsRead MoreEssay on Managing Own Continuous Professional Development5781 Words   |  24 PagesLawrence O.W. Lingad OSCA No.: 4635 M5.31 Managing Own Continuing Professional Development __________________________________________________________________________________ 1. Be able to review personal and work-related development experiences, aims, objectives and priorities. 2.1 Evaluate prior learning and work-related experience to identify personal strength and weaknesses in self-development. Humans by nature never stop learning; we undertake learning at different stages ofRead MoreMedical Education : An Ongoing Process With Continuous Professional Development1654 Words   |  7 Pagesfrom traditional academic disciplines. Wisdom is said not to be a product of schooling but rather of a lifelong attempt to acquire it. Therefore, medical education in the rapidly changing healthcare system is an ongoing process, with continuous professional development. At a given point in a nurse s live, one has to come face to face with some of challenges that more often help in shaping the way one perceives medicine, thus enhancing our literacy to illnesses, wellness, as well as medicine. I haveRead MoreCase Study of the Nu Moorish International Group1609 Words   |  7 PagesThe Nu Moorish International Group Of Science and Development Mir No.10 Non-Profit Organizational Charter The Nu Moorish International Group of Science and Development Mir No.10 is here to improve the development Of humanity, we aim to educate and uplift our present condition and restore consciousness to a higher level our values consist of honesty integrity and loyalty. All of these values will be used to ascend and enhance and build confidence. Each of these values wills foundation. LeadershipRead MoreThe Flipped Classroom Model Of Instruction2768 Words   |  12 Pages2013). Faculty Professional Development Programs Preparing faculty and offering them continuing professional development on effective engagement practices can have an enormous influence on successful student completion of their courses (Caspe, 2012). The need for a transformed model of professional development for educators has never been greater. The continuous development of knowledge and new technologies, extends the need for all faculty members to have professional development throughout theirRead More Effective Professional Development Essay2593 Words   |  11 PagesEffective Professional Development Effective professional development is intensive enough to allow people to develop new knowledge and skills (Cook, 1997). When entering into a professional development workshop, there are components which would allow you to believe you’re in the workplace as well as in a training environment. Professional development instructors believe that, professional development enriches teaching and improves learning for all students. It is an essential link to higher

The World Economy Has Been Growing Constantly Last 55 Years

The world economy has been growing constantly last 55 years except the 2009 recession that affected the global GDP by dropping it down a bit. The world is divided into continents and so does the share of global GDP. Last 55 years Asian countries has seen tremendous growth compare to its counterpart Europe and Americas who has experienced a overall decline. Asian region has grown from 16.8% in 1960 to 45.4% in 2015. Asian and African continents have seen growth in both GDP and GDP per capita. Despite all the sudden growth in Asia and Africa their GDP per capita is still low. Asia holds at 22.0% and Africa at 18.0% of the levels of Europe and the Americas GDP per capita. Globalization benefits world economies and most economists agree†¦show more content†¦The International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank offered help to India in exchange for economic reforms. The government of India finally decided to change its economic policies in 1991. After IMF and World Banks involvement India took steps towards liberalization and privatization to reform India’s economy. Lowered tariff levels, reformed exchange rate policy, liberalized industrial licensing policy and also relaxed India’s foreign direct investment (FDI) policy. These reforms opened the doors for multinational corporations to invest in India. India received positive responses from international investors. Before the 1991 reforms, foreign equity ownership was restricted to 40 percent and the transfer of technology was necessary to do business in India. These barriers were removed for foreign companies. Many multinational corporations (MNCs) took advantage of India’s new economic policies and increased their stakes to more than 51 percent in their subsidiaries resulting in a several fold increase in foreign direct investment in just three years (Gosai, 2013). Following were the major factors that contributed to India’s economic growth after the 1991 economic reform: Foreign direct investment Expertise in information technology Increased domestic consumption Due to the increase in foreign direct investment and expertise in information technology thousands of new jobs got created leading to increase in middle classShow MoreRelatedHow Religion Can Boost Gdp By Increasing Trust Within A Society1225 Words   |  5 Pagesthe largest religious group which is then followed closely by Islam. All over the world, Christianity seems to be growing more and more steadily. It also seems that in some cases, it actually boosts an economy positively. It was stated in â€Å"The Telegraph† that by the year 2030 China will become the worlds most â€Å"Christian Nation.† Even though the United States is currently the largest Christian nation in the world, it will soon become second to China. Yes so called communist China, who’s religionRead MoreIs Space Exploration Worthwhile?1077 Words   |  5 Pagesbillion per year. So why is NASA s budget so low? The answer lies in politics. Throughout the final part of the 20th century, the space race between the USA and Russia, drove forward space exploration in near earth orbit. However in recent decades, the space race has changed drastically. Due to global economic changes, Russia has now fallen behind in the space race, to be challenged by China; with one of the fastest growing economies in the world. There are four major space agencies in the world justRead MoreCollege Bubble1380 Words   |  6 PagesCombination Of Economic Downturn And Raising Of Tuition Rates Since we were young, we ve been told that with hard work and determination in high school we would one day make it to college. Once there, if we succeeded with graduating, we d get a degree which would lead to a well paying career that would allow us to invest in our future. With college debt now leading in the nation s debt with the growing amount of 830 million dollars, we are stuck asking. Why is the college-loan system failingRead MoreDifficulties in Baby Boomers833 Words   |  4 Pagesthat China is able to produce for the world. Since the 90s we have been seeing a decrease in the labor force. According to Rafferty (2014), retirement age is said to increase in China from 55 to 60 for women and from 60 to 65 for men to keep up with other nations which would allow more products to be created. The decrease in population will also decrease the economy. The families which only have 1 child, only underscores the challenge of supporting the growing numbers of elderly Chinese (Wang, 2010)Read MoreThe City Of New Orleans1709 Words   |  7 PagesThe City of New Orleans is a remarkable city and has enormous potential for expansion. The â€Å"Big Easy† has always been known for the French Quarter, yet New Orleans is so much more than just a â€Å"party city†. I suspect there is a demand to show the â€Å"family friendly† side of our city. My proposal is to offer new development in a vigilant and financially responsible manner, while offering a glimpse of the extraordinarily exciting and expansive visions that I hope to witness in the future. The marketRead MoreMarketing Plan For Coca Cola Essay998 Words   |  4 Pagestrends, and had tools and games to better train people in investing. My curiousness for the stock market started to grow, because I have never had the opportunity to actually buy stuff and see how it increases or decreases over time. These last few months have been full of obstacles, pertaining to my investments in the game. Overall, I ended on a good note finishing 13th among 51 players, making a little over $36,000. I invested in six very diverse companies. The first company I invested in was Coca-ColaRead MoreThe Are Women Of Critical Education1441 Words   |  6 Pageshave always been barriers for women to become as educated as men. Whether it be in schools, at home, or any other place, women aren’t receiving the same level of education as men simply because of their gender. Everyday we see a developing story on race equality, but maybe it’s time some of the focus shifts toward gender equality. Gender inequality in education exists and is making a large impact on today’s society in places such as Asia, Africa, and the United States. There have been many studiesRead More Brain Drain Essay example1778 Words   |  8 Pagesrate is dropping. These circumstances, coupled with the booming economy are the main causes of the labor shortage. There is a high demand for labor but the once seemingly bottomless pool of employees and managers that companies drew from has started to dry up. What are the factors that contributed to the problem and how are todays corporations going to handle this problem? The type of labor needed in todays society has been undergoing a constant change. There is an increase in demandRead MoreDiscuss the Effects of Globalisation on Economic Growth and the Quality of Life in the Chinese Economy2365 Words   |  10 Pagesthe effects of globalisation on economic growth and the quality of life in the Chinese economy. Globalisation is the progression towards a growing assimilation between different countries in order to gain a single world market. It strongly encourages overseas trade, the removal or the reduction of trade barriers to increase economic growth and development. Globalisation ultimately presents to everyone a world which is increasingly liberalized and market-orientated. Associated with globalisationRead MoreMarket Analysis : Target Market Essay1580 Words   |  7 Pagesalternatively, the option to grab a cup of coffee on the way to work or on the way home would be present, as many workers live a considerable distance from the plant. The single population is approximately 49%, which would include the group of 18- 24 year olds. A large expense for many college students and young adults is electronics, gadgets, and technology. This group relies on technology to access information, communicate with friends, and keep themselves entertained and view these expenses as

Gran Torino Film Review Free Essays

Gran Torino Gran Torino is an American drama film, released in 2008 film directed and produced by and also starring Clint Eastwood. Set in Detroit, Michigan it was the first mainstream U. S. We will write a custom essay sample on Gran Torino Film Review or any similar topic only for you Order Now film to feature Hmong Americans. Gran Torino was a critical and commercial success, grossing nearly $270 million worldwide and is also said to be Clint Eastwood’s most successful film, but as like many films Gran Torino received both praise and criticism. Gran Torino† tells the story of Walt Kowalski (Clint Eastwood), a grizzled Korean War veteran whose wife recently passed away. Walt lives alone with his dog in a Detroit, the neighborhood he’s lived in for well over 30 years in no longer populated as he would say ‘lower middle class white folks’, but has turned into an Asian neighborhood. A Hmong family lives next door, a grandmother, single mother and her two teenagers Thao (Bee Vang) and Sue (Ahney Her). Thao is quiet and intelligent but very shy, where as Sue is very outgoing and fearless. The local Asian gang led by Thao’s cousin tries to recruit Thao. Thao does not have a choice because you cannot say no to a gang, they talk him into trying to steal Walt’s 1972 Gran Torino, Walt Stops it from happening but Thao gets away unrecognized. Then Thao is forced by his sister and mother to work for Walt in an effort for the attempted to steal his car. The two become very close as Walt see’s the good and potential in Thao and teaches him how to be a man and steer clear of the gang. Walt vows to protect Thao, setting the stage for a showdown with the gang. Clint Eastwood is really great to watch in this movie, his acting throughout Gran Torino really convinces you that he is a retired old war veteran, who has seen it all and is afraid of nothing. The way he confronts trouble throughout the film is impressive especially in the one scene where he comes up against three men harassing Sue on her walk. From my point of view there are a few camera angles portrayed throughout the scenes of the film, but there is hardly and visual effects or anything else, I think what makes this movie a good hit is Clint Eastwood’s attitude showed in his acting and the rest of the actors as well, and yes of course during the film Walt is very racists and says lots of different ethnic comments but the point is, well the point that I noticed was that Walt starts to look past and see the people for who they really are not just look at their race or where they come from. This movie is perfect for Clint Eastwood fans or young adults and older, I wouldn’t really say it is for teenagers because they might not fully understand the film and just think that Walt is a grumpy old man who just gets fired up over nothing. I rate it a 4 out of 5. How to cite Gran Torino Film Review, Essay examples

Analysis of Virgin Australia- Online Air Ticketing System

Questions : 1. What are the major business objectives and processes (operations) that the airline company carries out? 2. List the information systems and subsystems that are used to support their portal and describe how they are related to the overall business objectives and processes. If the exact Information System cannot be identified then use the generic terms for the appropriate Information Systems (an example of a generic name is Supply Chain Management system). 3. Detail the scenarios you developed and how the users you observed interacted with the system when carrying out the tasks of those scenarios. 4. Recommend improvements to the system and describe the analytic consequences. For instance, not all airlines provide systems for online check-in. If the company were to add such functionality, what do the analysts need to consider? 5. Describe the stakeholders involved. Who are they? Why do analysts need to consider their interests? 6. Discuss, in detail, the data collection techniques you used to answer the above questions. Describe how other data collection techniques could be used to gather further information. Are You Daunted by the Thought of Due Assignments? Avail Our Services and Receive Assignment Help from Experts. Answers: 1. What are the major business objectives and Operations of Virgin Australia? Virgin group enter into the airline market of Australia in 2000. After starting their business Virgin brings wider challenges to their competitors in same industry. However, in 2011, the name of Virgin Blue changed into Virgin Australia. The CEO of Virgin Australia John Borghetti said that that company is the second largest fleet service providers worldwide. In airline industry, Virgin Australia is best known for largest fleet service from the view points of size. The company developed their business with the great activities of leadership and management. The company runs their business in an unprecedented market condition over 18 months. The major objectives of Virgin Australias business are to become the leader in global premium airline market (Garay Bezanilla, 2013). In order to achieve the large market share and become the leader in airline market, Virgin Australia provides services based on customers perspective. According to the CEO of Virgin Australia, customers are the heart of the company. The company always tries to provide outstanding consumer experience with their flying. For fulfil the demand of every customer, Virgin Australia consistently high service such as divide the class based on price. The most important method of Virgin Australias service is that they provides safety first and act with the honesty and integrity. 2. List of Information System and sub system that used to support the portal as well as overall business processes and objectives of Virgin Australia. In the business process of Virgin Australia, the company integrated several information systems within their portal for book of ticket to the customer. These are E-Ticketing Systems, Internet Booking system, Book ticket via Kiosk and ATM, for telephonic booking integration of call centre, integration of major global distribution (Fan, 2012). The existing online reservation system of Virgin Australia was designed based on the Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (http) and the client server architecture. This was designed to facilitate the customer for daily basis reserve flights and book flight. Apart from that, the online reservation portal of Virgin Australia such as www.virginaustralia.com was also designed with the good human computer. It allows the company to provide facility to the user to book ticket in online fromany place. Through the designed portal of virgin Australia, users can log on to the site and make their ticket reservation from any place and the company integrated pay pal system for secure payment that allowed to pay for the booking tickets online. Internet Booking For the internet booking system, the software designer of Virgin Australia designed two type of architecture including traditional software oriented architecture and service oriented architecture. Traditional software oriented architecture was designed for the application software of ticketing agent desktop that runs without web service for booking the ticket or reserve the flight (Hamilton Sankaranarayanan, 2013). On the other hand, service oriented architecture was designed for the distribution system where agents are able to book ticket or reserve the flight online. In order to designed the architecture of service oriented system various technologies were used such as Web Service Description Language (WSDL), Universal Description Discovery and Integration (UDDI), Extensible Mark-up Language (XML) and Simple Access Objective Protocol (SOAP) Information System for ticket booking: The designed information system is used for the collection of data or information that relates to ticket booking and the data process for real time use as well as contain actual information. However, the implemented information system using hyper text transfer protocol allows the company in encompassing the data gathering information from the users (Katkat, 2014). Apart from that, the designed information system for ticket booking monitoring data transmits and receives data the network. Management of Information System: Management Information System is used for the management of gathering data and information in terms of making decision and creates a report about the summery of information system. Transaction Processing System: Transaction Processing System was designed through the WSDL (Web Server Description Language) for collection of information, business processing system, modification or cancelation the transaction, etc (Flood et al. 2011). The designed transaction process system was support multiple users at once because it was designed by the developer for simultaneous use. Transaction Processing System of Virgin Australia generally stored the information in the database of the organisation (Puhe et al. 204). The collected data are used for various purpose of the company such as wages,summarization of stock inventory, scheduling of manufacturing, register checking, billing, etc. Natural Networks and External System: The natural network of Virgin Australia was designed based on the hyper text transfer protocol in terms of fostering the human brain. However, the designed network of Virgin Australia is used for the learning and remembering the information. On the contrary, expert system of the company was designed using the UDDI method (Silva Ferreira, 2014). This is the knowledge based system for Virgin Australia and use for analyzing data and producing results for recommendations. Decision Support System: Decision Support System was designed in the business process of Virgin Australia for analyzing the collected data that stored in database. Decision Support System helps the company in generating statistical projections as well as the data models. Decision Support system allows the airline firm to improve the service quality rather than replacement of staffs or managers decision. The CEO of Virgin Australia said that developed Decision Support System assists the company in solving problems during the company use external data for decision making process. E-Ticketing E-ticketing methodology involved by the company in order to replace the conventional paper of booking ticket information. The technique of e-ticketing system allows the customer in replacing conventional paper ticket with e-ticket. Virgin Australia using e-ticketing technique provides message or information to users about the details of their booking information and the check-in system in airport support the e-ticketing technology and facilitate the user to check their information itself (Mayes et al. 2009). Virgin Australia properly develops the data security for their e-ticketing system using the ET technology. It allows in building trust of customer t Virgin Australia. E-ticket service facilitates the business process of virgin Australia due to its user friendliness because it is easy to navigate. 3. Details of the scenario that developed and the interaction system that carry out the task of those scenario. Case Scenario of Request Flight Information Name Request for the available information about Flight Summary User put the reservation data with the departure date and destination city into the e-ticketing reservation system. The designed system inquires about the available flights of a particular date and represents the information for the users. Basic Events Customer System Application of e-ticketing reservation system introduced for the customers Display the user interface system about the flight service for the customers Selects Departure Date Select Return Date Choose origination City Choose Destination City Choose the round trip or one way journey Choose nonstop or connections flight services Submit the criteria Validation of data or information about customers Displays the flight list that available on that particular date to meet the criteria of customers None None Customer System Shows the error or invalid message for invalid data or input of the users Acknowledge the message for the users Displays the current system or criteria for modification to the users about the desire information of flight service and continues to submit criteria If the data or information put properly into the system of e-ticketing reservation online and no data or information about flight identified that shows the message that no flight service available for that particular date. Acknowledge the message for the users Displays the user interface of current criteria in order to modify the requirement of flight services to the user and continues to submit criteria. Assumptions Continues user of Virgin Australia flight service knows the flight service information and the budget that available for that flight service. Triggers Majority of customer demands and require for the flight information Pre conditions It is demonstrated that customer has E-ticketing Reservation System already into their computers or mobile phone and has internet connection Post Conditions In order to meet the specified travel criteria of Virgin Australia, customers has a lists of flight service of Virgin Australia Use Case Scenario Name Request for the selection of flight service of Virgin Australia Summary In the display user interface, the company represents the information about their service and customers are allowed to select the options of flight for the destination. Apart from that, desired system of the reservation application allows the customer to choose seat type. After selection of seat, user can requested for putting the information for payment of holding seat into the flight. Complete the all process of flight service submits the data into database. Basic Events Customer System The customers are allowed to select the flight service based on their preference. The customers are allowed to select the seat type based on their preference. Request form of selected flight service and seat type on hold until and unless the user put payment information into the system. After putting the information into system request for confirmation about desired input to the customers Submit the request into database. Options for Alternatives None None Exceptions Customer System If the flight service unavailable than display the error message to customer that state the current flight is not available and display the chart of that particular flight service. If the selected seat is not available on that particular flight and date, display error message that current seat is not available for this date and display the chart of available seat on that flight on for the given date by users Continues to options for selecting preferred flight and seat. Assumptions The customer put the name of city of origin, input the destination city name and provides the date of journey with that flight. Triggers Majority of customer demands for the flight service and seat that comfort for journey and tries to hold on for long time Pre conditions Majority of customer collect information about the booking flight service and gather the list of flight service that available on that particular date. Post Conditions In order to meet the specified travel criteria of Virgin Australia, customers has a lists of flight service of Virgin Australia and keep on hold the flight and seat for long duration. Use Case: Book of Flight Use Case Scenario Name Flight Booking service by the customer Summary This service or provided the customer to input the information about their credit or debit card for the flight booking. After input the information request for authorization from that database about the input of payment information. After authorization, service booked the flight and provides a confirmation number to customers. Basic Events Customer System Display the User Interface about the holding flight that booked by the customers and request or prompt the customer for input of payment information. Based on input payment information prompt for the confirmation Create a link to the database for authorization of given credit and debit card information Prompt for the final verification. Request for transaction confirmation The application of e-ticketing reservation system sent request to database for authentication of payment information If the input method properly entered and match with the database, indicates that authorization successful and proceeded to final payment Virgin Australia provides a number confirmation number to the customer about the booked service. Apply the charges for the customer credit card Options for Alternatives None None Exceptions Customer System If the customers are not satisfied with the holding flight they are able to cancel the booking or reschedule the flight. It continues to the use case diagram of request to flight If the customer input method does not valid with the database of payment service it display that input method do not match with the database. If the communication unable to communicate with the server or database of credit or debit card databases it shows that error message that database cannot be communicate try later for book the flight and continues to holding flight service for booking or final payment. Assumptions Majority of customer hold the flight for long time Triggers Majority of customer make payment for their hold flight and seat of virgin Australia Pre conditions The customer placed the seating or flight service with final payment that hold by them. Post Conditions Customer gets the confirmation number from the virgin Australia and valid that they are able to travel. Customer credit or debit card reflects that transaction is successful and billing the statement. 4. Proposed system for the Virgin Australia Following use case diagram will be the best method for e-ticketing reservation system of virgin Australia. It will be able to provide service in better way for reserve flight, reserveseat, airline departure time, departure date, arrival time and arrival date. Apart from that, this proposed system provides the information about flight service based on seat capacity and price rate. Display allocated time for the trip. The entire system has to be designed based on the vb.net method. Use of vb.net method facilitates the virgin Australia to support the god interaction from the viewpoint of human computer. Description The above use case diagram allows customers to make the reservation system by entering the details of customer and flight along with seat. The designed case diagram will display the flight service along with costs of the flights. The designed system must see the price and available seat of that particular flight with diagrammatical view and provide options for the customer to precede that system. After proceed the booking request of flight service, the designed system has to give options of make payment and this option automatically generates the receipt of user. Apart from that, customer gets the details about the available flight and seat and the availability of service based on departure date that put by the customers. The designed service of e-ticketing reserve system replies the information about the choice of flight along with price. Moreover, the designed system would proceed for the booking of price and user choice after getting the information about flight service of virgin Australia. Furthermore, after getting information about flight service and availability of seat on a particular date, the system will provide the options of make payment via choice of the customer including Pay Pal and Credit or Debit Card. After complementing the all produce of booking flight service, the system automatically generates a unique number and it will provide to customers. Following is the proposed class diagram for e-ticketing reservation system of Virgin Australia 5. Description of Involved Stakeholder and consideration of their interests Virgin Australia committed the sustainable business for long term. The company involve wide range of customer base based on daily basis. According to the CEO of the company, stakeholders are the important that affected their business mostly (Hurren Berlie, 2011). The key stakeholders of the company are shareholders, community group, annual staffs, guests, employees, unions, regulators, governments, major suppliers, etc. Employees Engagement: In order to engage the employee, virgin media used direct communication methods such as telephone calling, emails, and internet (Virginaustralia.com, 2015). Apart from that, the company keeps continuous survey via arranging meeting at the weekend and provide relevant training to their staffs. Governments and Regulator Engagement: Virgin Australia engaged their business with the government of those countries where they provide their flight service. Virgin Australia maintains policy of government and advisory group. Suppliers Engagement: Through the e-procurement system, the company engaged their external supplier with the operational process. Shareholders Engagement: In order to engage the shareholders and increased investment, Virgin Australia held meeting and describes the annual report and profit margin with their shareholders. Customers Engagement: Virgin Australia provides effortless service to their customers by including the customer service team, websites and customers. Virgin Australia provides different service to their customers such as social media, in flight magazine, velocity frequent flyer, focus group, etc. It helps in understanding about the journey date and time along to comfort ability with the flight. Stakeholders are the the most important elements of attaining success in business and continues the business for long term viability. In order to achieve large customer base, employees has to put their best effort. Customer satisfaction is the key method of attaining success. Apart from that, Management is the potential for long term viability because management are the responsible person that hold the business report and make decision based on external market requirement. 6. Data Collection Technique that used In order to complete this study, analyst collected the data using qualitative data collection technique. It helps in recoding the data into narrative form and allows to provide better description about the assignment. Qualitative technique assists the analyst in adding the theoretical concept into practical approach. It is the better understanding process rather than other technique of data collection. However, data are collected from the various secondary sources such as books, journals and websites. Moreover, primary data are collected for this study from the CEO of Virgin Australia. In order to gather more information about this study, need to use of quantitative technique. It helps in collecting the statistical data that will be helpful for recording large amount of data. References : Fan, L. (2012). An Evaluation of the Operation of the Railway E-Ticketing System. Ibusiness, 04(02), 164-167. Flood, M., Bosley, E., Morris, T., Ambrozak, E. (2011). Abstracts of papers for the eighty sixth annual session. Morgantown: West Virginia Academy of Science. Garay Bezanilla, E. (2013). Tariff Systems and e-Ticketing in Public Transport. Saarbrucken: AV Akademikerverlag. Hamilton, P., Sankaranarayanan, S. (2013). Intelligent Agent Based RFID System for on Demand Bus Scheduling and Ticketing. IJFCC, 399-406. Hurren, K., Berlie, H. (2011). Lorcaserin: An investigational serotonin 2C agonist for weight loss. American Journal Of Health-System Pharmacy, 68(21), 2029-2037. Katkat, D. (2014). Real-time Quota-controlled Ticketing System (RQTS) in Sports Organizations. Procedia - Social And Behavioral Sciences, 116, 3940-3946. Mayes, K., Markantonakis, K., Hancke, G. (2009). Transport ticketing security and fraud controls. Information Security Technical Report, 14(2), 87-95. Puhe, M., Edelmann, M., Reichenbach, M. (2014). Integrated urban e-ticketing for public transport and touristic sites. Brussels: European Parliament. Silva, J., Ferreira, J. (2014). Amazon Smartsales Ticketing System. Procedia Technology, 17, 510-519. Virginaustralia.com, (2015) Stakeholder Engagement. Retrieved 8th January, 2015 from: https://www.virginaustralia.com/au/en/about-us/sustainability/stakeholder-engagement/.

Analysis Of A Christmas Carol Essay Example

Analysis Of A Christmas Carol Essay I think this is very noble of him because Bob Cratchitt wouldve been very grateful to him and this also would have changed the rest of the Cratchitts family, especially Mrs Cratchitt (who expressed her great dislike of Scrooge on Christmas day) perception of him. However Scrooge does not want this glory because it defeats the object of sending the turkey he wishes to remain anonymous. He also learns that Christmas is a time for forgiveness and for being with family. He went to church, and walked about the streets, and watched the people hurrying to and fro, and patted the children on the head, and questioned beggars, and looked and looked down into the kitchens of houses, and up to the window; and found that everything could yield him pleasure. He already knows that there is no profit in celebrating Christmas, however he now realises that this is not the point and he should appreciate the joy that the Christmas season conveys. He finds delight in everything, even things that previously vexed him. He never dreamed that any walk that anything could give him so much happiness. Now with this quote it sounds pretty pointless with a lack of emphasis yet if you look it will become apparent that the little things are beginning to affect his beliefs on Christmas and what its consequences are (not in a bad way). Furthermore, it was showing that he would never even dream of changing his actions towards Christmas so therefore with that, it obviously shows with the dramatic information he has had inflicted on him, has really motivated him for the Christmas season. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis Of A Christmas Carol specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis Of A Christmas Carol specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis Of A Christmas Carol specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer I think in general Dickens is trying to tell the Victorian audience that it is possible to change for the better. He shows this through Scrooge when he pays a visit to Fred, his nephew. He was at home in five minutes. Nothing could be heartier Wonderful party, wonderful games, wonderful unanimity, won-der-ful happiness! Here I think Scrooge is in disbelief that his nephew still wants to know him and doesnt denounce him because of what he said earlier when his nephew visited him in his office. And so we learn that there is change in everybody and sometimes it can be a surprise.

The Zodiac Killer Story Literature Essay

The Zodiac Killer Story Literature Essay The Zodiac Killer Story Literature Essay Sample The Zodiac Killer Story Literature Essay Sample Stories about serial killers have always stirred the blood of the readers; very often policemen were able to catch the killers, but sometimes the murderers managed to evade the legal retribution. Zodiac was one of the most famous uncaught killers. This maniac is memorable for a series of mocking letters to the local press accompanied with mysterious coded messages. Usually, a standard maniac face is an explicit notorious sociopath with a moral trauma received in childhood. This cruel killer chose a nickname â€Å"Zodiac†; he mentioned it in a series of mocking letters sent to the local newspapers. The cryptograms, which, according to Zodiac, revealed his identity, were applied to the letters. There were four cryptograms in total, and the police managed to decipher only one. For nearly 25 years he held at bay the entire San Francisco, and for over 37 years the Zodiac Killer escaped prosecution from law enforcement due to a combination of factors (Farmer, 2007, p.29). This paper will analyze the behavior of a cruel killer Zodiac and describe his murders. The date of Zodiac’s birthday is unknown, so his story begins from the date of the first murder 20 December 1968. Butterfield (2012) relates that that day, late in the evening college students – a 16-year-old Betty Lou Jensen and a 17-year-old David Faraday were on their first date in the car on a small parking lot on the edge of the highway in the vicinity of the lake near the town of Vallejo (CA). There they were caught by death, which came in the form of a man with a gun. David died in a cabin by a single bullet, Betty managed to jump out of the car and tried to run away – her body stricken with 5 bullets was found in more than 10 meters from the car. The traces of sexual violence were absent. The bodies were found a few minutes after the murder, but policemen were unable to detain the murderer, who escaped in his car. Six months later, in July 1969, another murder was committed. Darlene Ferrin and Michael Mageau parked their car when someone came up to the v ehicle. A man came out, shined his flashlight, and shot them both. Then he got into his car and drove away. Ferrin died, but Mageau survived and was able to tell about it. The very next day, a man called the police and said that he was a murderer. September 27, 1969, the students Bryan Hartnell and Cecelia Shepard spent time at a picnic by the Berryessa Lake. A man in a hood and black glasses approached them. He identified himself as an escaped convict and, threatening with a pistol, forced Cecilia to tie Bryan. Later he tied Cecilia, took out a knife and inflicted many knife wounds to the couple. Soon, he called the police himself to tell about crime with ridicule. Shepard died of her injuries, but Hartnell survived (Butterfield, 2012). In October 11, 1969 a taxi driver Paul Stine was killed in his car by the passenger; Zodiac cleaned all his traces by a piece of the victim’s shirt (Butterfield, 2012). Three teenagers saw him and made up a description of the killer, but he was never caught. On the night of March 22, 1970, being seven months pregnant, Kathleen Johns with her little daughter was driving to her mother in Modesto. The driver behind her stopped and signaled. The man told her that something had gone wrong with the car and offered his help. Kathleen and her daughter got into the car. The man drove more than hour without stopping; then he said he was going to kill them. At an intersection, Kathleen and her daughter jumped out of the car and hid in a field. The man tried to find them but then he gave up and drove away. Jones got to the police and confirmed that they were kidnapped by a man who looked like a sketch, drawn on the description of the murderer by Paul Stein. Speaking to the authorities with the help of reporters, Zodiac taunted police in inaction in his letters and ciphers. In total, the editors of various newspapers in California received about 20 letters and postcards from Zodiac. When investigating cases like the Zodiac Killer case, it is important to stick to the evidence derived from what the serial killer provided publicly to the police and the newspapers. The longer that a case such as this goes unsolved, the more theories about the case are heaped upon older theories to eventually create a zone of silence away from the truth (p.29). The investigation of Zodiac’s figure continued for many years. Zodiac disappeared for a while and reappeared after some years. Sometimes, the police began to doubt that it was Zodiac who committed the murder, not some imitator. Policemen put forward different versions and found more and more suspects. It makes no sense to analyze each of them, but some versions were unique and worth mentioning. According to one version, Zodiac was not one person, but an organized gang in which different people killed. Actually, this version had only one advantage – it compensated the deficiencies of the version of one killer, whose track could not be found. According to another version Zodiac did not stop his activities, and retrained into the murderer of Santa Rosa (a town in California), who killed 14 girls in the years 1972-1975 and also stayed uncaught. Now only enthusiasts were involved in the searches. They exchanged information and versions on their website and even filmed a documentary Hunting the Zodiac dedicated to their searches. The exact number of victims of Zodiac is unknown. In his letters, he took the blame for seven murders. Another thirty killings are similar to his crimes by handwriting†, but there is no evidence that they were committed by Zodiac, not imitators. The most famous serial killers of America are the subject of a mass cult, along with Hollywood actors or singers. One of the creators of the American pop culture, Andy Warhol once said that everyone can get their 15 minutes of fame. So, why they cannot be provided for a mass murderer? Autographs, biographies, invariably becoming bestsellers, documentari es and feature films, TV shows, interviews rating – all these made people like Charles Manson, Ted Bundy or Jeffrey Damner no less recognizable personalities than Mick Jagger and Bob Dylan. Zodiac was the first killer who received from the hands of newsmen his 15 minutes of fame and stubbornly refused to give them back. Encrypted messages of the psychopath looked at the reader from the front pages of all major newspapers; the maniac infected with his madness through the streams of respected radio stations. Of course, all that should be attributed not only to Zodiac but also to the people he killed. Newspaper circulations and ratings rose skywards steadily. The case of Zodiac was the first such case in the United States when the killer surrounded himself with glory. He committed a crime and wrote about it in the newspapers, trying to intimidate the entire community. However, he seemed to transform into a comic book anti-hero: he wore masks, invented a name for himself, sent encrypted messages, and called the police after murders. He behaved very confidently as if he had not fear of punishment. However, the police and journalists undervalued him. Zodiac tried to create an image of an unbalanced psychopath. He said that he liked killing people because it is funny. This is funnier than killing wild animals in the forest because the man is the most dangerous animal. He tossed evidence to police (for example, a glove in a taxi). Also, he threatened to shoot children, sent drawings of bombs, deliberately left witnesses alive in order to make fun of policemen. In his letters, he liked to count the victims. Zodiac â€Å"helped† police in their searches, knowing that they would not reach him. The matter was further complicated by the fact that real crazies called the hotline, calling themselves Zodiac. The following features are specific to the attacks committed by Zodiac: the victims were young people; very often they were couples; the attacks occurred on weekends or public holidays; the criminal acted in the dark or in twilight; robbery or sexual underlying reason did not motivate the crimes; the killer used a variety of weapons; the offender tended to claim the crimes were committed by him; the victim was in the car or near it; and finally all the crimes were committed by the water or objects whose names are associated with water. Without any exaggeration Zodiac can be called Jack the Ripper of the 20th century – it is the most famous uncaught serial killer of the past century. Five dead and two injured victims belong to his credit. Zodiac is the mythical and monumental figure that demands an exclusive approach. His personality causes interest to criminologists and fans; they create versions and produce books trying to understand his secrets. Zodiac committed each murder with a new type of weapon. He wrote 26 letters to the police and the San Francisco Chronicle editorial. The most amazing thing is that so far no one managed to prove conclusively that all the murders are attributed to Zodiac and the letters and speeches on the radio were the acts of one and the same person.

Preparing and exam taking Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Preparing and exam taking - Research Paper Example Preparation for exams starts during the first class. The classes that the student attend, various contributions made in class by the students, and assignments that students complete will help in preparing for any questions that an examiner may set in the future (Kesselman-Turkel & Peterson, 2010). The semester involves the addition of information to a students’ knowledge base. Essay questions normally involve information that one may have found irrelevant during class, which could be used as a supporting point to the thesis. Students who are involved in class have to cram less than those who skip class. Students should also note the topics that the lecturer finds interesting. Not surprisingly, the specific topics noted make up a significant proportion of the exam that the lecturer administers (Kesselman-Turkel & Peterson, 2010). Thus, it is important to note the topics in which the lecturer spends more time discussing. This will aid students in remembering important highlights when preparing for an exam. The students should also keep their syllabus. Losing the course syllabus is a big mistake since it is an important paper. It aids the students in organizing the information that they take in and will give the students ideas regarding the topics that the exam will emphasize. The syllabus will also act as a guide when studying for the exam. The students should also add notes to the syllabus as the lessons progresses, circling themes, topics, and books that appear most likely to be contained within in the exam (Kesselman-Turkel & Peterson, 2010). In addition, participation in class is a good way of preparing for exams. It aids the students in being better acquainted with the course material, as well as letting the lecturer know the areas that students are interested while in class. Test grades seem to reflect one’s attendance in class and the

Religion in America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Religion in America - Essay Example In 1776, this religious vigor led to rebel of Americans against their colonizers, the Great Britain. In forming governments, at both the state and national levels following these rebellions, American political leaders shared the conviction that religion was indispensable in maintaining the republican institutions. The efforts of these United States’ founders to define the significance of religion during this revolutionary time helped in shaping the American’s future leadership within institutions and communal organizations. Through the same spirit of transformation, religious transformation that took places in different parts of the Europe also affected the lives of African Americans quite significantly. The foundation, creation, and development of purely black churches were the greatest achievements in the reconstruction era. African-Americans conceptualized this reconstruction as freedom (Ebel 24). Notably, churches were the first institutions to be managed and controlled entirely by the black community. Just before the American civil war, many black slaves had secret religious meetings that were held off the presence of their masters/whites. Nonetheless, some free blacks formed part of biracial congregations that were controlled by whites and in most of these congregations; blacks were to sit behind whites during the service (Ebel 200). Blacks sharing churches with a white was a predominant practice in the south and was introduced by the Anglican ministers. Emancipation made blacks withdraw from these white managed institutions. They pulled resources and initiated their own churches.

Social Unrest, Political Disorder and the State Essay

Social Unrest, Political Disorder and the State - Essay Example Such easy formation came as a result of the isolation which Ireland had due to its geographical location. Just like any organized crime group or a terrorist group, the IRA has a method of operating in a hierarchical manner with exclusive membership and explicit rules (Mahan and O’Neil 1998, p.6) Although, IRA does not consider itself to be an organized criminal group in any way, neither as a mafia of any sort, but when analyzed closely, it does appear to have a historical background of being involved in criminal activities and terrorism. But they have evolved from merely a rural peasant protection group to a secret society which constantly challenged against the status quo. According to Mackenzie, there are different agendas which secret societies have, ranging from spiritual, moralistic, patriotic, and political to criminal activities (Mackenzie 1967). The IRA has experienced a similar process of evolution over the years and operated in a corresponding manner in each of the c ases as per circumstances. Furthermore, the IRA shares organizational characteristics which befit only criminal business groups with much focus diverted towards their political goals (Bell, 1997). For the purposes of analyzing the IRA and its methodology, ethnographical research method is deemed to be most appropriate. According to Hobsbawm’s observation (1969), in any oppressed society, there is always to be found a minority group which is willing to devote itself to rebelling against the status quo. In that, some people will choose positive methods and some will be inclined towards illegal means to achieve the same end. One feature that stands out in the IRA is that it was basically formed to raise a solemn voice against oppressing conditions of the peasants in Ireland and the high degree of feudal practices to suppress the masses There was massive unrest especially after the forceful 1800 Act of Union was passed by Westminster to create United Kingdom, which ended up bindi ng Ireland under its rule. This is a significant curve at the point of which the peasant protection group was compelled to take political action (Toolis, 1995). As there increased the number of peasants willing to fight for the political cause they all believed in, the need for more organized formation arose and hence, the IRA was formed. ‘The Whiteboys’ and ‘the Oakboys’ along with ‘phoenix’ were a precursor in Ireland for forming such hierarchical groups for cohesion and organization with enhanced sophistication. It became a sub-culture within a sub-culture (Lambart, 2010). Something that gives them authority is their ability to monopolize violence in their respective communities. Traditionally, Ireland is known for its familial unit and camaraderie, hence the rise of the IRA has its roots in such a background. Those who were out of any secure means for livelihood sought shelter in such organizations for mutual protection (Collins, 1986). The modus operandi of the IRA depends on the kinship and friendship networks that it has developed through practicing its hold on its community. If there is kept no check from the government’s side on their activities, they spread their values and ideologies very easily. Even there had been such fortunate historical events in favor of the IRA where their sub-culture has proliferated with changing

The Origin Of Man Is The Subject Religion Essay

The Origin Of Man Is The Subject Religion Essay What is man?   asked David in his Psalms thousands of years ago.  It is striking that the relevance of this question has not decreased in the twentieth and twenty first centuries.  Whether a man is only an animal or, maybe, he is just a complex combination of chemical compounds, or, maybe, he is much more than all this, some great creation? The desire to know the history of mans origin is quite natural, as people have not always existed on the Earth.  That is why, the problem of Creation and understanding of human nature is central problem of people of all ages.  This question can be considered from different perspectives: from the standpoint of theology, religion, anthropology, philosophy and history. Views and ideas on the origins of humanity The origin of  man  is the subject of  speculation  since ancient times and  led to the emergence  of  various  myths in different people,  who believed that  the first humans  were created by gods from stones,  animals, etc.  The ancient  Greek thinkers  had different views on the origin of man:  some  believed that man  is eternal, second believed that he was born from marine  sediments.  With  the spread of  Christianity people  accepted the idea that  man was  created  and  inspired  by God. Many people believed  that a man  is  the most highly developed  animal,  the top of  the evolution of the animal  world, he  is mortal,  and  his  life  has no  higher  meaning.  Others believe  that  man  is not  the top,  but  only  a very  selfish  animal  who tends  to  pleasure and enjoyment. So, humans belong to the natural world, until the physical and chemical processes in their body depend on nature.   If we consider the philosophical approach, then we need first to say that in humans there is an element that is above the natural world.  There are different views on this, as, for example, Greek philosophers said this element was mind, and Aristotle proposed a definition of man as a rational animal.  (Stevenson 2004) But  most  important  is  the fact  of  human  consciousness that  elevates  him  above the natural world.  Ã‚  Human consciousness is ascension  of naturalism in the understanding of man, since he is not only a natural being, but also a spiritual being. (Wilson 2004) In the XVIII century, many thinkers (such as Lord Monboddo, Herder, Rousseau, Kant, etc.) suggested the evolution of man from the great apes in savages, and later in modern humans.  In a more clear way this idea was developed by Lamarck in the beginning of the XIX century in his Zoological Philosophy.   Later t theory  of development and evolution  in various  forms  has been  to explain  various scientists. Those who support this theory believe that man was not created by anyone, but occurred in the development of lower organisms.  For example, the French scientist Jean-Baptiste Lamarck said that some species of monkeys, under unfavorable conditions of existence, were to descend from the trees and acquired the habit of walking on two feet. Bipedalism led to strong changes of the body, and quadrumanous monkey turned into bipedal, who gradually settled around the Earth. Gradually in new species began to developed the consciousness (Bowler, 2003). The theory of evolution has become one of the most prevalent theories of human origins.  Ã‚  This theory was developed by Ch. Darwin, who introduced the history of development of the organic world of the Earth carried by the interaction of three main factors: variability, heredity and natural selection.  Evolutionary theory suggests that man evolved from apes, being changed under the influence of external factors and natural selection. The evolutionary theory of anthropogenesis is supported with a large number of facts paleontological, archaeological, biological, genetic, cultural, psychological, and others.  However, many of these proofs may be interpreted ambiguously, allowing opponents of evolutionary theory to challenge it. Biblical  Creation of  the world The Bible tells that a man was created in Gods will and in accordance with His plan (Gen.1: 26).  In the all-powerful Word of God was hidden a great creative force to create the world, and then a men.  When God created a man he said: Let Us make man in Our image, after Our likeness: and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth. So God created man in His own image, in  The Image Of God  created He him; male and female created He them. (Genesis 1:26-27 KJV) A man was created in a special act, and, unlike the animals, in the image of God, that means a man is intelligent, free, creative and moral personality. Like God, man is gifted with the following qualities: Creativity (Genesis 2:20); The mind and the ability to cognition (Genesis 2 :19-20, Col.1: 9; Rim.12: 2;); Willy (Luk.23: 25; 2Petr.1: 21); The ability to choose and evaluate (Genesis 2: 17; 13:11); The ability to love (Genesis 2: 24). ( McFarland 2009) A man  is the image  and  likeness of  God, is  a spiritual being,  rising  over  the natural  and  social  world,  and  able  to transform it and  dominate  over  it. In Genesis 2 we can  learn more about how  man and  woman were created  : And The Lord God formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living soul And The Lord God said, It is not good that the man should be alone; I will make him an help meet for him And The Lord God caused a deep sleep to fall upon Adam, and he slept: and He took one of his ribs, and closed up the flesh instead thereof; And the rib, which The Lord God had taken from man, made he a woman, and brought her unto the man. And Adam said, This is now bone of my bones, and flesh of my flesh: she shall be called Woman, because she was taken out of Man. (Genesis 2:7,18,21-23) That is,  the biblical  interpretation of  creation of man  is the most  common  that is primarily  due to  the important  role of  religion  in  peoples lives. Biblical  Creation  is very  important for  people, as it  defines the  essence of  man:  Man  is not  just  a body, and  he  was created  in  the image  of  God and for eternal  communion with  God.  This means  that  people are  moral  and  spiritual  creatures with  the ability  to trust,  to choose  to love, etc.  Creation  is the basis  for  our  worship  to God and  His  worship:  Let them praise the  name of the  Lord,  for he commanded, and they were created  (Psalm  148:5).  Thus,  worship  is a gratitude  to the Creator. ( McFarland 2009) At the present  time,  we can  hear  that the question  of creation of humanity is asked rather  strictly: either the  idea of Creation or  the theory of evolution.  However,  such a  statement  seems  incorrect, since  many modern  scholars  note  that the  idea  of Creation  of humanity by God,  the Creator, does not deny  the scientific theories. The religious world does not contradict the scientific, that can be proved by the fact that many prominent world scientists were deeply religious people: for example, Copernicus, Isaac Newton, Mikhail Lomonosov, Pavlov, Albert Einstein.  That is, the science also does not deny the idea of the Creation of humanity by God. Conclusion Each of the ideas, assumptions and theories about the origin of humanity has a right to exist and has its supporters.  Yet, the biblical Creation of the world and man is the most important for people, regardless of their scientific views.  The idea of mans creation by God is the basis of religion and faith of millions of people, the basis of their ideology and view on all the existence of humanity.

The Role of the Proof in Math Essay example -- Mathematics Mathematica

The Role of the Proof in Math The notion of proof has long played a key role in the study of mathematics. It is in my opinion the role of proof that separates mathematics from the sciences and other fields of study. It is the existence of proofs that give mathematicians the confidence that their work is credible and thus allows them to continue to build upon prior work without the need to second guess what has previously been accomplished. Based upon this observation, it becomes natural to ask the questions pertaining to the use of proof in learning and understanding mathematics. If the concept of proof is so important to the field of mathematics, then is it possible that by writing proofs and studying proofs that an individual will be better equipped to understand the mathematics for which the proofs pertain? And if this is possible then when should a person be first exposed to proofs and at what level? In this paper I will give my views pertaining to these questions, as well as, a few more of my views pertaining to some other topics related to these questions. Before discussing the virtues of proofs as a means of learning and understanding mathematics, I feel that it is first necessary to begin with a brief discussion of the functions of proof within mathematics. Following I will give a list of the functions of proof that I have comprised from three sources (Hanna [2], Knuth [3], Tucker [6]): 1.verification, the act of arguing that a statement is true 2.explanation,providing reasons for why a statement is true, which in turn may lead to understanding 3.systematization,organizing statements and definitions into a system of axioms, lemmas, theorems, etc. 4.discovery,creating knowledge and new results .. ...ducation, V178 N1, pp. 35-45 [2]Hanna, Gila (2000), â€Å"Proof, Explanation and Exploration: An Overview,† Educational Studies in Mathematics, V44, pp. 5-23 [3]Knuth, Eric (2002), â€Å"Secondary School Mathematics Teachers Conceptions of Proof,† Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, V33, pp.379-405 [4]Lester, Frank K. (1975), â€Å"Developmental Aspects of Children’s Ability to Understand Mathematical Proof,† Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, V6 N1, pp. 14-25 [5]Selden, Annie and Selden, John (2003), â€Å"Validations of Proofs Considered as Texts: Can Undergraduates Tell Whether an Argument Proves a Theorem?,† Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, V34 N1, pp. 4-36 [6]Tucker, Thomas (1999), â€Å"On the Role of Proof in Calculus Courses,† Contemporary Issues in Mathematics Education, MSRI Publications, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK

Heroic styles of Beowulf and Sir Gawain Essay

Throughout history, different cultures have held different virtues in the highest regard. The Anglo-Saxons, like the anonymous scop of the poem Beowulf, valued strength and courage over any other quality. On the other hand, the earliest English people, like the poet of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, respected honor and the basic codes of chivalry over all else. Both Beowulf and Sir Gawain, therefore, display the most favored qualities of their people: Beowulf by defeating monsters, performing great feats of courage, and telling of his deeds; Gawain by being loyal, brave, and honest. Both sets of qualities are displayed throughout each tale. In Beowulf, written in about the fourth century AD, the hero’s first major test is to fight a huge monster. In doing so, he proves his physical abilities, and thus establishes his hero/ leader status. To be the best, you have to be the strongest, and he says â€Å"Fate saves/ the living when they drive away death by themselves!† (572-73), showing how much Beowulf relies on his physical strength. On the other hand, Gawain’s first test is not physical, but psychological. He is forced to prove his loyalty to Arthur, by offering his life to the Green Knight. He does not claim to be the best, or the strongest, and in fact claims: â€Å"I am the weakest, I am aware† (part 16). Gawain is displaying his modesty, and the medieval belief that a person should be humble about himself. This displays the immediate difference between the two cultures. For the Anglo-Saxons, if you wanted people to know you’re a hero, you tell them you’re a hero. For Gawain, and the Knights of the Round Table, they must act humbler, in order to appeal to their Christian beliefs. However, both societies do require their heroes to display some similar traits, the most common being courage. Gawain must show how brave he is by making a long and difficult journey to fulfill his oath, and die at the hands of the Green Knight. Beowulf must show his courage by fighting off large monsters, even to the last day of his life. â€Å"Why should I be dismayed? /Of doom the fair or drear/ by a man must be assayed† (24) shows how Gawain believes a hero should conduct himself, with dignity and honor. He does not believe that journeying to his death will be such a bad thing, since it will allow him to keep his honor intact. This sounds very similar to â€Å"Let me live  in greatness/ and courage, or here in this hall welcome my death,† Beowulf’s concept of bravery. Beowulf believes that either he is going to win, and kill Grendel, or Grendel will win and kill him. Either way, it is up to wyrd, his Fate. The resemblance continues with the theme of generos ity. Both try their very hardest to not simply keep all their earned wealth (or lack thereof) to themselves. Beowulf, upon receiving heaping treasures from Hrothgar, promptly dispenses it among his men. He even â€Å"rewarded the boat’s watchman/ who had stayed behind, with a sword that had hammered/ gold wound on its handle,† (1901-03) showing how he treats all his men as equals. The watchman’s job, to him, was just as important as all the other warriors that actually traveled with him. Similarly, Sir Gawain tells the lord of the house that he appreciated the hospitality of the host by remarking â€Å"I would give you some guerdon gladly, were I able† (82) immediately before departing. He says this to show the host his graciousness, but also displays his generosity, displaying the similarities between the two cultures. Finally, each has an opposite view of their importance in society. Beowulf believes that the best thing someone can do is become the most famous, and to have your name live on forever. â€Å"Fame after death/ is the noblest of goals† (lines 1388-89). For him to die in battle is the single most important thing he can do, to ensure he lives on in legend. On the other hand, Gawain thinks that he must do his part, and better the whole of Camelot. â€Å"Since this affair is so foolish that it nowise befits you,† (part 16) says that Gawain is willing to sacrifice his own life to save his king. He thinks he is the least of the Knights, and the most nonessential of them, and therefore the best candidate. Furthermore, â€Å"I would fainer fall dead than fail in my errand† (42) shows his dedication to the task he set out for. The two characters are in stark contrast between their concepts of self-worth. As you can see, the Anglo-Saxon and early English people held widely varying notions of what a hero/ leader figure should be. For the anonymous scop that wrote Beowulf, battle, glory, and fame were paramount; to the unknown singer of Sir Gawain, honor, honesty, and loyalty to one’s country had top priority.

Analysis of two different film interpretations of Macbeth Essays

Analysis of two different film interpretations of Macbeth Essays Analysis of two different film interpretations of Macbeth Paper Analysis of two different film interpretations of Macbeth Paper Essay Topic: Macbeth The famous Shakespearean work of Macbeth deals with issues that are relevant to any society in any age. It explores the far reaching effects of one mans ambition, from the total transformation of Macbeths character. From a national hero to a nation-wide terror in his pursuit of power. Although Macbeth is set in Medieval Scotland, the issues that are dealt with, the supernatural, Ambition and Tyranny are still just as relevant in our society now as they were in Shakespearean England. The relevance to todays society was displayed in the modern interpretation Macbeth on the estate. Where contemporary ideas of the work was but across while still using the Shakespearean backbone. We compared this version to a far more traditional interpretation directed by Roman Polanski, filmed in the 1970s The modern version of Macbeth Macbeth on the estate opens on a desolate wasteland. In the background we can make out the large shadows of desolate tower blocks. Through the mist we can see a dark shadow walking toward us. The shadow emerges out of the mist. It is Macduff. Immediately we notice the changes the director has made to this opening scene. The first difference from the original play is the use of Macduff opening the play instead of the three witches. To understand the directors decision we must remember that four hundred years ago witchcraft was a major part of life and each year hundreds of witches were being burnt at the stake for practising the dark arts. Nowadays witchcraft does not have the same appeal to the audience who would watch this version and we a forced to conclude that Macduff was used to grab the audiences attention. A factor that was used to grab the audiences attention was the colour of Macduffs skin, black. The directors decision to make Macduff black is purely and simply to captivate the audiences mind. The use of Macduff as a leading character could stimulate people from ethnic minorities to show an interest in the film. By giving these people a major film character they may be able to understand the relevance of the play to themselves. The directors decision could have also been due to the large number of African and Jamaican immigrants living in the council flats on the estates such as Ladywood where this film was made. Towards the end of Macduffs speech the ghostly music and the foggy atmosphere lifts and we are catapulted into a violent robbery at the Thane of Cawdors house. At the house we get a glimpse of what the Thane is watching on television, the lottery. The directors use of the national lottery shows the social hardship and poverty that many families have to go through on the estate. And it seems as though, by playing the lottery and winning a fortune it is the only way out of the hardship. We only get a short glimpse of the fight scene, but from what we see and the accompanying fast paced music the director chooses to use gives us the impression that the fight is both brutal and savage. Once the robbery is complete, Macbeth reports back to Duncan in the local pub. Macbeth greets Duncan with a friendly pat on the back, this very informal relationship between Macbeth and Duncan symbolises their friendship and trust of one another. Duncan too is very informal, his loud, colourful beer stained shirt is only fastened by a couple of buttons, revealing his bloated stomach, from the beginning of this scene we are meant to dislike Duncan. This is very different from the much-liked Duncan in the original play. Although we the audience dislike Duncan. The crowd in the pub appears friendly with him. They all laugh when he tells them a joke. Although it is not clear whether the crowd show genuine respect for him personally or are forced to show respect to him due to his immense power and influence over the estate and the people living there. This power and influence that Duncan has is also abused, later that night, a party is held over at Macbeths house to celebrate his new position as Thane of Cawdor. Duncan, Banquet, Macduff and his family turn up late evening and bring a large amount of beer. Duncan immediately shows his dominance over females, defiantly not by charm but perhaps by strength by pinning her up against a wall he starts to pet and stoke her. Lady Macbeth turns away and forces Duncan to realise he cannot charm Lady Macbeth by using brute force. The directors decision to make Duncan appear possessive over women makes the audience feel more bitter towards him, and the decision by lady Macbeth prompts us to think she is a very strong willed character. Something she needs later on in the play. At the end of the night, Duncan is very obviously drunk. He is helped up, and taken to bed by Lady Macbeth. Duncan flops into bed next to a young black girl, probably in her early twenties. A contrast to Duncans age of middle to late thirties. The directors decision to make Duncan sleep with a young girl highlights the problems of prostitution on the estate, and Duncans desire to posses a women by sleeping around. Moments later he his murdered. Duncans funeral is very small. Only Macbeth, Lady Macbeth, Banquet, Macduff and a few others attend. The large crowd of supporters seen at the pub have all disappeared. And there are only a few onlookers. The directors decision for the crowd of supporters to disappear is a social issue in todays society. Nowadays society seems to have a lust for money. Wherever that money is, thats where the crowds are, and when the money disappears the crowd does as well. This is what happened to Duncan; he was lulled into a false sense of security by the large crowds at the pub that appeared to protect him from the outside world, which may have been true. But they could not protect him from a man inside who he trusts, Macbeth. Macbeths crime, murdering Duncan could have been classed as a crime of passion. Macbeth was certainly very jealous of Duncans position as king, and with Macbeths wife, Lady Macbeths Charms it is not long before Macbeth is convinced to kill Duncan. We first see Lady Maceth in her house; she is listening to an answer machine message of Macbeth telling her he is now Thane of Cawdor. The decision by the director to make Lady Macbeth get the message by answer phone instead of messenger is purely society based, nowadays, nearly every household in Britain has a telephone. And it is now commonplace to send E-mails or talk to someone on a telephone rather than talk to him or her face to face. Just after receiving this message, Lady Macbeth walks to another part of the house, a small childs room. We are not entirely sure why she enters the room; it may be that Macbeths phone call has stirred up some forgotten memories. The room is clean, and appears regularly cleaned. But as soon as Lady Macbeth enters the room, the music changes. All of a sudden we hear a lullaby played on a childs toy, this tune. This tune, although very simple, stirs a lot of emotion, as we the audience imagine a young child in that room, there is no child in this room, only Lady Macbeth. The use of a wide angel lens is effective. As Lady Macbeth is in the centre of the picture, the camera captures a large angle of the room. And it is as though no one belongs in this room, as it seems so unused. The bright colours of the wallpaper and the bed make it contrast with what Lady Macbeth is wearing, and it makes it look as though Lady Macbeth does not belong here. The importance of children to Lady Macbeth is portrayed in a number of scenes in the play. At the kareoke, Lady Macbeth is holding a child. Also, the quantity of pregnancy testing kits she owns show that until a short time ago, she and Macbeth were still trying to have a child of their own. Lady Macbeths influence over Macbeth in this version is different to the original play. In the original play, Lady Macbeth does influence Macbeth through her appearance. But in Macbeth on the estate her influence over Macbeth is far more sexual. The main scene where this is most obvious is in Lady Macbeths and Macbeths Bedroom, during the party. Downstairs while everyone else is drinking themselves stupid, Lady Macbeth is busy convincing Macbeth to kill Duncan. Lady Macbeth is wearing a very low and revealing top. She is talking to him in a very low voice, all the time; she is making him agree to her plans to kill Duncan, by wooing him with her appearance. It works, Macbeth agrees to her plans. But at the last minute, Macbeth forgets a vital part of the plan, to wipe the guards knives in Duncans blood. Macbeth is a psychological wreck, so Lady Macbeth goes on her own and wipes the blades. This shows she is a very strong willed character, and as previously, she said the famous line unsex me now she now supposedly now has the strength of a man and is able to do more demanding tasks and is more prepared for them. This mental readiness does not last long, as soon Lady Macbeth turns insane. Convinced she can see blood on her hands. To rid herself of the guilt, she repeatedly washes her hands, trying to rid herself of the guilt. At one point, she also believes she has a child, and we can also see her tucking it up into bed. This was not used in the original play. But the director of Macbeth on the estate decides to use it in the film. The use of this makes Lady Macbeth appear more insane, as she has always wanted a child, and now she is imagining it. Soon, the once psychologically stable Lady Macbeth turn suicidal, and throws herself off the top of a tower block, the directors use of cameras comes into play here. As Lady Macbeth jumps, time appears to slow down and she falls much slower. I believe the director did this to make the audience reflect on Lady Macbeths life. When she finally does hit the ground, she is surrounded by onlookers of small children. This is another social issue of the estate. That young children are subjected to the horrors of death when they are as young as eight years old. It seems somewhat odd that Lady Macbeth wanted a child so much when she knew it would be subjected to such hardships on the estate. The end of this film was, to sum it up disappointing. For a film as fast paced and action packed I expected more. There was also no army and no mention of Birnam wood. The film ends with Macduff killing Macbeth with a single shot from a pistol. The directors decision to end the film with a bullet and not a sword or knife is another social issue, as it is now possible to kill someone without getting your hands dirty. The decision could have also been for suspense. As the last thing we expected was Macduff to walk in with a gun. I for one expected a fight between Macbeths supporters and Fleances supporters. Having said that I thoroughly enjoyed this film although I did think the end was disappointing. I will now compare the contemporary version of Macbeth, Macbeth on the estate with the more traditional version of the play. This version of Macbeth was directed by Roman Polanski. This version was produced in the 1970s when special effects were lacking. I will compare four parts and characters of this play, with Macbeth on the estate. These parts will be: the beginning, the character Lady Macbeth, the character Duncan and the end of the play. In each case, In each case I will try to compare: the use of camera angles, costumes, surroundings, sound and lighting. This version of Macbeth is very traditional and the contrast to Macbeth on the estate is shown in the opening scene. As Macbeth on the estate opened on a desolate urban wasteland with Macduff, instead of the witches speaking. In this version the three witches are on the wasteland, burying a hand, a noose and a dagger. The three witches are very stereotypical views of witches, old, wrinkled skin and dark clothes. That hobble out of the mist. This stereotypical view of the witches is common in Shakespeares time. When one of the ways in telling one was a witch or not was by appearance. Although witches are no longer as important to us today as they were back in the Middle Ages. The director uses them to produce a sense of mystery and uncertainty. Another of the directors tools of making the viewer fell emotion is lighting. In this version, the director uses lighting far better than the director of Macbeth on the estate and his well lit scene. In Polanskis version, the lack of lighting is used very well. As the darkness hides the witches faces and makes them appear more mysterious. Another lighting effect is the use of fog and mist. Again this helps the audience to relate to the witches more. As the fog and mist helps to block out most of the light on the set. This improves the atmosphere. The music too creates an atmosphere of uncertainty and confusion. As the sounds of the low instruments played to a very disorganised tune creates confusion and the wasteland. In fact, the only thing the director has changed is where the scene is set, on a beach. The directors decision to set the opening scene on a beach is rather baffling, as there seems to be no justification for his decision. I myself am forced to conclude that the only viable reason the director had, to set the scene on a beach was due to the fog effect, as early morning, the sea produces a mist that can be used to make the atmosphere more still and eerie. Towards the end of the scene, the fog thickens and the witches hobble off into the distance. The fog then slowly turns red. This is very effective, as the colour of the fog and the sound of battle make us think the battle was very fierce and bloody. We first see Duncan in his castle; he is overseeing the execution of the previous Thane of Cawdor. He is being hung. This is a contrast from Macbeth on the estate where the Thane was killed by a petrol bomb being thrown into the car in which he was sat. Being hung is a more traditional way of executing a traitor, rather than blowing them up. This traditional style is reflected in where Duncan is and what he is wearing. As this play is more formal and traditional, Duncan is in a castle rather than a pub. And is wearing clean, posh robes and a crown. A crown is a symbol of a kings power and wealth. And Polanskis decision to make Duncan wear a crown is purely tradition, as a pose to Macbeth on the estate where Duncan is very informal and dresses casually. In this version, Duncans clothes are very traditional. In this version. Duncans clothes are more subdued and calm than Duncans clothes from Macbeth on the estate where he wears. Loud and bright clothes. The directors decision is purely social. In medieval Britain, the king was a social icon, someone who you could look up to in times of need. And because of this, the King needed to look presentable. Nowadays though, society has become much more laid back in its approach. And in accordance with the rest of society, the King, in this case Duncan has changed his image to be more inline with the rest of society. Another difference between the two versions is the use of friendship. And in particular, the difference between the friendship of Duncan and Macbeth. In Macbeth on the estate the relationship is very informal, as when Macbeth meets Duncan, he gives him a hearty pat on the back. Whereas in Polanskis version of Macbeth, the relationship is much more formal, as when Macbeth meets Duncan, Macbeth bows. An effective use of camera angles is use of camera angles is in a scene of Macbeth and Duncan. The director positions the camera so Duncan appears much higher than Macbeth does. This shows Duncans power and hierarchy over Macbeth and his people. Another difference in Polanskis version compared to Macbeth on the estate is Duncans behaviour around women. In Macbeth on the estate Duncans behaviour around women is very poor and he often treats women with little or no respect. As in one scene he presses Lady Macbeth up against a wall. But in Polanskis version, Duncan shows much more respect, and in the dance held at Macbeths castle to celebrate his promotion to Thane of Cawdor. He is seen dancing with numerous women who seem happy to be in his company. The directors decision to make Duncan appear popular among women is there top make us like Duncan as a person and not only as a King. But later that night Duncan is murdered. Although we do not see Duncans funeral, we imagine it to be a very sombre affair. And we do actually get a glimpse of the funeral Procession, we can see it is very fitting for era. A carriage, pulled by horses along a windswept path, surrounded by a group of soldiers marching into the distance. In this version of Macbeth as well as Macbeth on the estate. The first time we catch a glimpse of lady Macbeth is in her house, or in this version in her and Macbeths castle. She has just received a letter from a messenger from Macbeth informing her that he has been made Thane of Cawdor. The decision by the director to make Lady Macbeth receive the news by horseman rather than by telephone or E-mail is purely because telephone and electricity had not yet been invented. Also, receiving letters by messenger was a symbol of your wealth and prosperity in society. As normal citizens could not afford messengers, they relied on word of mouth. Another difference in Lady Macbeth are the clothes she wears. As in Macbeth on the estate she wore very low cut, revealing outfits, that were used to charm Macbeth into doing her deeds more than anything. But in this version, Lady Macbeth wears very concealing, traditional clothes. Her clothes were also dull colours, such as greens and dark blues. A sharp contrast to the sometimes bright clothes worn by Lady Macbeth in Macbeth on the estate. The decision by Polanski to change the clothes worn by Lady Macbeth is to, historical. As in the era that Macbeth was set, women took a sidelining role to the men in society. And what a mans wife wore indicated many things, such as income. As a man with a wife who wore expensive clothes was obviously far richer than a man whose wife wore cheap, tatty clothes. The styles of clothes she wears are also far more traditional. A long green or blue dress is also very fitting for this period of time. After Duncans murder has been carried out, Lady Macbeth gradually turns insane. As she is constantly cleaning herself and walking around naked. This madness is very similar to that of the madness shown by Lady Macbeth in Macbeth on the estate. This idea of her cleaning herself continuously to remove the guilt she has engraved in her conscience is a very good point. And is picked up by each director. But very soon, Lady Macbeths insurmountable guilt turns suicidal and she finally commits suicide. Although we do not see Lady Macbeth take her own life, we hear her. The scream that she emits as she plunges, presumably from a top floor window is heart rendering. The light is very low, and this is there to create atmosphere and tension, before our thoughts are confirmed that she has killed herself. The end of Polanskis version of Macbeth is virtually identical to the ending that Shakespeare wrote. And the difference in endings is a big difference between this version and that of Macbeth on the estate. In Macbeth on the estate. The ending was very sudden, and there was no long, drawn out fight as Shakespeare intended. As, in fact, Macbeths death is very sudden. The end of this film is rather disappointing. And there is also no mention of Birnam wood, which I believe is a very important part of the end, as it was in the witches predictions. Whereas, on the contrary to Macbeth on the estate Polanski Plays by the book At the beginning of the battle. English and Scottish troops are camouflaging themselves into Birnam wood, and then begin to march towards his castle. Macbeth is not the first man to see them, but one of his guards does see them. He turns to Macbeth and shouts to look towards Birnam wood. When Macbeth does see Birnam wood marching towards him. We can imagine the terror he feels. Macbeth cannot believe the witches prediction has come true. The camera angle that Polanski uses is very effective, in relaying this fear to the audience. The camera is focused directly at Macbeths face. And the dramatic qualities shown by the actor who plays Macbeth is excellent, as he stares into nothing we can imagine the shock he is in. When the English and Scottish soldiers enter the castle, they encounter little resistance. As the only defender, other than Macbeth is Seyton, Macbeths loyal armourer. Although he is dispatched by a crossbow bolt to the forehead. But that special effect is rather crudely done, but we must remember that this film was made in the 1970s before High performance computers were around. Especially the ones used to create the special effect laden film, The Matrix. The fight scene between Macbeth and a group of soldiers is rather unusual, and a little confusing, because there are approximately 5 to 10 soldiers against the lone Macbeth. But instead of going in all at the same time, they only go in one at once. This may be chivalry where you gave your opponent a fair chance. But I dont think thats what Polanski meant. We all know that Macbeth can only be killed by Macduff. This is not very well done by the director, as we think it is daft that the soldiers only go in one at once. Once Macbeth finally does get mortally wounded by Macduff, he hobbles around aimlessly around the courtyard with a sword stuck through his chest, Until about 3 minutes after he is stabbed he dies. This is too create suspense before death, but we all know its just a bad case of bad acting. Although I think this ending was better than Macbeth on the estates ending which was rather disappointing due to what a good film it was. I felt there were certain parts of Polanskis ending that was very god, such as the moment Macbeth sees Birnam wood approaching him, and there are other parts that are terrible such as the killing of Seyton by a crossbow bolt, where the special effects were lacking. Overall I think this was an average end to a below average film.

The B Word essays

The 'B' Word essays Boredom! Almost everyone has been plagued by it at one time or another. And let's just face it, being bored is a pain! You waste valuable time trying to think of fun things to do, then you start to become cranky, and then you get crankier and crankier until you eventually start to feel depressed. According to an article in USA Today,it is estimated that there are currently 10,000,000 Americans suffering from depression.? Now before you get on your high horse and demand to hear why there is a correlation between Prozac and boredom, a different article in USA Today states thatBoredom is an early stage of depression and depression is an worldwide phenomenon, that is why boredom is a natural epidemic and problem.? The Boring Institute states that we get bored becauseour brains require exercise. They demand that we keep them active. However, those who do not actively use their minds are doomed to experience long periods of boredom. In the end, your brain tires of your body and plunges the bored person into a state of depression, robbing them of the ability to cope.? In 1983, James D. Orcutt, a member of the Florida State University's sociology faculty began his speech at a sociology convention stating:For a phenomenon that has been labeled the 'most prevalent American disease? and ranking among thefive principal possibilities of world destruction?, boredom has received remarkably little attention as a topic for empirical research.? That's pretty impressive. A phenomenon that is virtually endemic in American and could lead to world destruction and yet few people, particularly whose job it is to examine such things, have in fact paid very little attention to it. Boredom has been linked to many other problems in our society. People are plagued with eating disorders that spurred from being bored. Surveys also blame boredom for causing teenagers to drink, smoke, and use illegal drugs. Studies have even linked crimes and murders to boredom. F...